. Sambrook, Philip N; Kotowicz, Mark; Nash, Peter; Styles, Colin B; Naganathan, Vasi; Henderson-Briffa, Kathy N; Eisman, John A; Nicholson, Geoff C 2003-05-01 High-dose corticosteroids, used for many medical conditions, are associated with rapid bone loss from sites such as the vertebrae, and compression fractures can be observed within months.
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Recent trials suggest treatment with bisphosphonates or active vitamin D analogs can reduce bone loss and the risk of fracture associated with glucocorticoids, but few studies have directly compared such agents. We conducted a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial to compare the efficacy of alendronate, calcitriol, and simple vitamin D in prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. A total of 195 subjects (134 females and 61 males) commencing or already taking glucocorticoids were randomized to one of three groups: calcitriol, 0.5 to 0.75 microg/day; simple vitamin D (ergocalciferol, 30,000 IU weekly) plus calcium carbonate (600 mg daily); or alendronate, 10 mg/day plus calcium carbonate (600 mg daily). Over 2 years, mean lumbar bone mineral density change was +5.9% with alendronate, -0.5% with ergocalciferol, and -0.7% with calcitriol (p 30 ng/ml). Metformin caused a significant decrease in weight (p=0.027), insulin level (p=0.043), and insulin resistance (p=0.048).
Systolic blood pressure and PTH significantly improved after calcitriol (p=0.029, p=0.009 respectively). An improvement in ovulation was detected after calcitriol and seven patients, without evidence of ovulation before treatment, illustrated ovulation after 3 months. Difference with calcitriol in ovulation was significant versus other two methods (p=0.02).
Calcitriol treatment in PCOS may be prior to metformin in ovulation induction. Chambers, Emma S.; Nanzer, Alexandra M.; Pfeffer, Paul E.; Richards, David F.; Timms, Peter M.; Martineau, Adrian R.; Griffiths, Christopher J.; Corrigan, Christopher J.; Hawrylowicz, Catherine M. 2015-01-01 Background A small population of patients with severe asthma does not respond to glucocorticoids (steroid resistant SR). They have high morbidity, highlighting an urgent need for strategies to enhance glucocorticoid responsiveness.
Objective We investigated the immunologic differences between steroid-sensitive (SS) and SR asthmatic patients and the effect on immunophenotype of oral calcitriol treatment because it has been previously shown to beneficially modulate the clinical response to glucocorticoids in patients with SR asthma. Methods CD8-depleted PBMCs were isolated from 12 patients with SS and 23 patients with SR asthma and cultured for 7 days with anti-CD3 and IL-2 with or without dexamethasone.
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Cytokine production was assessed in supernatants by using the Cytometric Bead Array. Patients with SR asthma were subsequently randomized to oral calcitriol or placebo therapy, and identical studies were repeated. Results Patients with SR asthma produced significantly increased IL-17A and IFN-γ levels compared with those in patients with SS asthma, although it was evident that cells from individual patients might overproduce one or the other of these cytokines. Production of IL-17A was inversely and production of IL-13 was positively associated with the clinical response to prednisolone.
Oral calcitriol, compared with placebo, therapy of the patients with SR asthma significantly improved dexamethasone-induced IL-10 production in vitro while suppressing dexamethasone-induced IL-17A production. This effect mirrored the previously demonstrated improvement in clinical response to oral glucocorticoids in calcitriol-treated patients with SR asthma. Conclusions IL-17Ahigh and IFN-γhigh immunophenotypes exist in patients with SR asthma. These data identify immunologic pathways that likely underpin the beneficial clinical effects of calcitriol in patients with SR asthma by directing the SR cytokine profile toward a more SS immune phenotype, suggesting strategies for. Trump, Donald L; Potter, Douglas M; Muindi, Josephia; Brufsky, Adam; Johnson, Candace S 2006-05-15 Data suggest that vitamin D plays a role in the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer. The combination of high-dose, intermittent calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) plus dexamethasone was studied based on evidence that dexamethasone potentiates the antitumor effects of calcitriol and ameliorates hypercalcemia. Oral calcitriol was administered weekly, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday (MTW), at a dose of 8 microg, for 1 month, at a dose of 10 microg every MTW for 1 month, and at a dose of 12 microg every MTW thereafter.
Dexamethasone at a dose of 4 mg was administered each Sunday, and MTW weekly. Calcium and creatinine were determined weekly and radiographs of the urinary tract were performed every 3 months. All patients were considered evaluable for toxicity. Forty-three men with androgen-independent prostate cancer were entered; 37 received at least 1 month of calcitriol given at a dose of 12 microg every day x 3 per week. The majority of patients had bone metastases and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
All had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Eight patients (19%) experienced partial responses by PSA criterion (PSA decline of or =50%, persisting for or = 28 days). Subjective clinical improvement occurred in some patients. Toxicity was minimal: urinary tract stones in 2 patients; and a readily reversible, CTC (v.3.0) Grade 11.0 mg/dL and no patient had a calcium level 12.0 mg/dL. The response rate reported in the current study (19%) was not found to be clearly higher than expected with dexamethasone alone.
High-dose intermittent calcitriol plus dexamethasone appears to be safe, feasible, and has antitumor activity. Copyright 2006 American Cancer Society.
Gui, Boxiang; Chen, Qin; Hu, Chuanxia; Zhu, Caihui; He, Guimei 2017-01-23 H9N2 influenza viruses circulate globally and are considered to have pandemic potential. The hyper-inflammatory response elicited by these viruses is thought to contribute to disease severity. Calcitriol plays an important role in modulating the immune response to viral infections. However, its unknown whether calcitriol can attenuate the inflammatory response elicited by H9N2 influenza virus infection.
Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with calcitriol (100 nM) and then infected with an H9N2 influenza virus, or infected and then treated with calcitriol (30 nM). Culture supernatants were collected every 24 h post infection and the viral growth kinetics and inflammatory response were evaluated.
Calcitriol (5 mg/kg) was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection to BABL/c mice for 15 days following H9N2 influenza virus infection. Mice were monitored for clinical signs of disease, lung pathology and inflammatory responses. Calcitriol treatment prior to and post infection with H9N2 influenza significantly decreased expression of the influenza M gene, IL-6, and IFN-β in A549 cells, but did not affect virus replication.
In vivo, we found that calcitriol treatment significantly downregulated pulmonary inflammation in mice 2 days post-infection, but increased the inflammatory response 4 to 6 days post-infection. In contrast, the antiviral cytokine IFN-β was significantly higher in calcitriol-treated mice than in the untreated infected mice at 2 days post-infection, but lower than in untreated infected mice on days 4 and 8 post-infection. The elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the decreased levels of antiviral cytokine are consistent with the period of maximum body weight loss and the lung damage in calcitriol-treated mice. These results suggest that calcitriol treatment might have a negative impact on the innate immune response elicited by H9N2 infection in mice, especially at the later stage of influenza virus infection. This study. Chou, Chu-Lin; Pang, Cheng-Yoong; Lee, Tony J F; Fang, Te-Chao 2015-01-01 Besides regulating calcium homeostasis, the effects of vitamin D on vascular tone and metabolic disturbances remain scarce in the literature despite an increase intake with high-fructose corn syrup worldwide. We investigated the effects of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, on vascular relaxation, glucose tolerance, and visceral fat pads in fructose-fed rats.
Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). Group Con: standard chow diet for 8 weeks; Group Fru: high-fructose diet (60% fructose) for 8 weeks; Group Fru-HVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, high-dose calcitriol treatment (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding; and Group Fru-LVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, low-dose calcitriol treatment (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding. Systolic blood pressure was measured twice a week by the tail-cuff method.
Blood was examined for serum ionized calcium, phosphate, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Intra-peritoneal glucose intolerance test, aortic vascular reactivity, the weight of visceral fat pads, adipose size, and adipose angiotensin II levels were analyzed at the end of the study. The results showed that the fructose-fed rats significantly developed hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, heavier weight and larger adipose size of visceral fat pads, and raised adipose angiotensin II expressions compared with the control rats.
High- and low-dose calcitriol reduced modestly systolic blood pressure, increased endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation, ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced the weight and adipose size of visceral fat pads, and lowered adipose angiotensin II expressions in the fructose-fed rats. However, high-dose calcitriol treatment mildly increased serum ionized calcium levels (1.44 ± 0.05 mmol/L). These results suggest a protective role of calcitriol treatment on endothelial function, glucose.
From Ireland to U.S.A. About this Item: Columbia University Press, 1995. Condition: Very Good. Hardcover, vii + 306pp, NOT ex-library.
Clean and bright, untanned interior with unmarked text and firm binding. Free of inscriptions and stamps. Gentle external shelfwear. Lower rear board shows a faint dark non-sticky rectangle (residue of a removed ISBN sticker).
Published without a dust jacket. How do Brazilians think about their own culture in comparison with those of North America and Western Europe? The Brazilian Puzzle provides a unique picture of everyday life in Brazil viewed from a comparative perspective. Brazilian scholars and Brazilianists explore a range of topics in everyday life in Brazil, including sports, music, voluntary associations, religion, political practices, race and gender, and poor neighborhoods. The authors show how Brazilian culture involves a complex negotiation in which the traditional values of hierarchy and personalism permeate even the most modern institutions. The Brazilian Puzzle is emblematic of the new era in Brazilian studies in which Brazilian scholars are leading the way.
Many of the authors draw on the work of the Brazilian anthropologist Robert DaMatta, who has questioned the perspective of observers from developed Western countries. DaMatta argues that they often project their own categories onto Brazilian society, and instead he suggests that Latin Americans and other peoples develop their own theories rooted in their own unique experiences. In this way The Brazilian Puzzle contributes to the end of an era of Brazilianists and the decolonizing of area studies. Contents: - I. Brazilian Styles of Social Relations: - 1. Brazilian Jeitinho: An Exercise in National Identity / Livia Neves de H. Swimming in Cross-Cultural Currents / Conrad Kottak 3.
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Small Town, Brazil: Heaven and Hell of Personalism / Rosane Prado; - II. Race, Class, and Gender in a Changing Society: - 4.
Rituals, Scandals, and Sex Crimes: Attempted Rape-Murders Across Two Generations / Maria Claudia Pereira Coelho 5. Morality and Transgression Among Brazilian Poor Families: Exploring Ambiguities / Cynthia Sarti 6. Celebration of Our Lord of the Good End: Changing State, Church, and Afro-Brazilian Relations in Bahia / Leni Silverstein; - III. Ideologies and Cultures on an International Stage: - 7. Tupi or Not Tupi MPB: Popular Music and Identity in Brazil / Martha de Ulhoa Cauralho 8.
Hierarchy, Heterodoxy, and the Construction of Brazilian Religious Therapies / David J. Brazilianization of Alcoholics Anonymous / Jeffrey Jarrad; - IV.
Brazilian Society: Macrostructures in Comparative Perspective: - 10. Bureaucratic Rationality in Brazil and in the United States: Criminal Justice Systems in Comparative Perspective / Roberto Kant de Lima 11.
For an Anthropology of the Brazilian Tradition: or 'A Virtude esta no Meio' / Roberto DaMatta; Afterword: The Distorted Mirror: Brazil and the United States. Seller Inventory # 003958 3.